Heart Defects:
ASD (Atrial Septal Defect): Generally speaking this is simply classified as a hole in the heart.
a congenital defect that is a combination of four defects and includes, narrowed passageway between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle. Ventricle hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and an overriding aorta.
Transposition of the Great Arteries: This is another type of congenital heart defect where the positions of the two major vessels are switched in position and can cause shortness of breath or a bluish skin discoloration due to lack of oxygenated blood.
Hypoplastic Right Heart Syndrome (HRHS): Another class of congenital heart defect that is generally rare and is a case where the right side of the heart hasn’t developed as intended, as the left side of the heart.
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS): This congenital heart defect is similar to HRHS above, but with the left side of the heart does not develop in the fetus stage.
Pulmonary Artesia: birth defect in which the pulmonary valve of the heart does not form properly. When this occurs a solid sheet of tissue forms where the valve should be and blood cannot flow from the right side of the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen. There are several different treatments for this condition such as heart catheterization, open-heart surgery, heart transplant, and in some cases, a lifetime
of medication.
Tricuspid Artesia: Tricuspid Atresia is a birth defect in which the tricuspid heart valve is missing or abnormally developed. The result of this birth defect is that blood can’t flow through the heart and into the lungs to pick up oxygen. The treatment for this condition is surgery, and in some cases, several surgeries to treat the defect.
Club Foot:
It is a congenital deformity involving one foot or both. The affected foot appears rotated internally at the ankle. TEV is classified into 2 groups: Postural TEV or Structural TEV. Without treatment, persons afflicted often appear to walk on their ankles, or on the sides of their feet.
Lung Defects
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN):the failure of the normal circulatory transition that occurs after birth. It is a syndrome characterized by marked pulmonary hypertension that causes hypoxemia and right-to-left extrapulmonary shunting of blood. Because a patent foramen ovale and patent ductus arteriosus are normally present early in life, elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in the newborn produces extrapulmonary shunting of blood, leading to severe and potentially unresponsive hypoxemia. With inadequate pulmonary perfusion, neonates are at risk for developing refractory hypoxemia, respiratory distress, and acidosis.
Spina Bifida:
It is a developmental congenital disorder caused by the incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube. Some vertebrae overlying the spinal cord are not fully formed and remain unfused and open. If the opening is large enough, this allows a portion of the spinal cord to protrude through the opening in the bones. There may or may not be a fluid-filled sac surrounding the spinal cord. Other neural tube defects include anencephaly, a condition in which the portion of the neural tube which will become the cerebrum does not close, and encephalocele, which results when other parts of the brain remain unfused.
Cleft Lip:
Cleft lip (cheiloschisis) and cleft palate (palatoschisis), which can also occur together as cleft lip and palate, are variations of a type of clefting congenital deformity caused by abnormal facial development during gestation. A cleft is a fissure or opening—a gap. It is the non-fusion of the body's natural structures that form before birth. An older term is harelip, based on the similarity to the cleft in the lip of a hare.
Cleft Palate:
Cleft lip (cheiloschisis) and cleft palate (palatoschisis), which can also occur together as cleft lip and palate, are variations of a type of clefting congenital deformity caused by abnormal facial development during gestation. A cleft is a fissure or opening—a gap. It is the non-fusion of the body's natural structures that form before birth.
Skull Defects:
Craniosynostosis is a congenital (present at birth) defect that causes one or more sutures on a baby's head to close earlier than normal. Sutures are connections that separate each individual skull bones. The early closing of a suture leads to an abnormally shaped head.
Antidepressant medications:
An antidepressant is a psychiatric medication used to alleviate mood disorders, such as major depression and dysthymia and anxiety disorders such as social anxiety disorder.
Zoloft:
Zoloft (sertraline hydrochloride) is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It was introduced to the market by Pfizer in 1991. Sertraline is primarily used to treat major depression in adult outpatients as well as obsessive–compulsive, panic, and social anxiety disorders in both adults and children. In 2007, it was the most prescribed antidepressant on the U.S. retail market, with 29,652,000 prescriptions.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors:
It is a class of compounds typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, and some personality disorders. SSRIs are believed to increase the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin in the synaptic cleft available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.
Generic drug sertraline:
Sertraline is used to treat depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (bothersome thoughts that won't go away and the need to perform certain actions over and over), panic attacks (sudden, unexpected attacks of extreme fear and worry about these attacks), posttraumatic stress disorder (disturbing psychological symptoms that develop after a frightening experience), and social anxiety disorder (extreme fear of interacting with others or performing in front of others that interferes with normal life). It is also used to relieve the symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, including mood swings, irritability, bloating, and breast tenderness. Sertraline is in a class of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It works by increasing the amounts of serotonin, a natural substance in the brain that helps maintain mental balance.
Third Trimester:
Time period extending from the 28th week of gestation until delivery.
Prozac
Prozac (Fluoxetine) is used to treat depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, some eating disorders, and panic attacks. Prozac is used to relieve the symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, including mood swings, irritability, bloating, and breast tenderness. Prozac is in a class of medications called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It works by increasing the amount of serotonin, a natural substance in the brain that helps maintain mental balance.
Paxil
Paxil (paroxetine) also known by other the trade names such as Aropax, Seroxat, Sereupin is an SSRI antidepressant. Marketing of the drug began in 1992 by the pharmaceutical company SmithKline Beecham, now GlaxoSmithKline. Paxil is used to treat major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety disorder in adult outpatients.
Pfizer
Pfizer: an American multinational pharmaceutical corporation. The company is based in New York City, New York with its research headquarters in Groton, Connecticut, United States. Pfizer created Zoloft and introduced it to the market in 1991.
